一类矩形切割的优化模型

研究了工业中常遇到的先将原料板切割成加工拼板后，再将拼板切割成单元板的一类矩形板材切割问题，此类问题归结为二维排布的双层优化，针对单元板在拼板上和拼板在原料板上的4种不同排布情形，建立了统一的非线性整数规划模型，根据问题的特点，给出了该模型的一个化双层优化为单层优化的求解算法，实际应用中，该算法能在数秒钟内按工艺要求给出最优切割方案，与传统方法相比，料板利用率常可提高5％～10％．     

Potential use of a spatially constrained harvest scheduling model for biodiversity concerns: Exclusion periods to create heterogeneity in forest structure

The objective of this paper is to investigate potential use of a spatially constrained harvest scheduling model for biodiversity concerns. Change in the degree of biodiversity is represented only by spatial characteristics of harvesting patterns of forest stands with different exclusion periods applied to adjacent forest stands. A spatially constrained harvest scheduling model called SSMART (Scheduling System of Management Alternatives foR Timber-harvest) is used for the analysis. It is one of the heuristics to solve a spatially constrained harvest scheduling problem by using the partitioning heuristic. The algorithm incorporated into SSMART is designed to seek a solution for a multicriteria problem with present net value maximum, meeting spatial feasibility and minimizing period-to-period harvest flow fluctuation, approximating even-flow constraints within the 0–1 integer programming framework. Our experimental analysis shows that the longer exclusion period, the less the harvest flow level and the total present net value are derived and the more heterogeneous the forest structure becomes in terms of the forest stand age distribution. It is also shown that the three exclusion period results in a stable forest stand age distribution over the time horizon for our experimental forest. This research supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 09041071) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan.     

Questioning the contemporary forest planning paradigm: making use of local knowledge

The forest planning system of large Swedish forest owners follows a three step procedure: long-term, medium-term, and short-term planning. The system is sequential and hierarchical in the sense that longer-term plans form the framework for shorter-term plans, and that top-level management prepares the long range plans and the lower management levels develop plans with successively shorter horizons. Studies indicate that this approach does not fully use existing knowledge within the organization. Problems associated with the top-down approach are also recognized in the general literature on organization and management. A proposal for a bottom-up approach is developed that aim at the use of local level knowledge to enhance accuracy and applicability of the forest plans. After top-level management has issued some fundamental planning directives, medium-term planning is conducted by the districts. Then the district plans are consolidated at the top-level for coordination and revision. A simulated planning process provides an illustration of the approach. The Heureka system is used here to optimize harvests and road costs with a mixed integer programming model of the problem, spanning 10 years with three seasons per year. The importance of detailed local knowledge to the outcome of planning is indicated, and needs for continued decision support systems development is discussed.     

模拟线性电路K故障假设下最优可测试成分组的确定

提出了模拟线性电路故障诊断中K故障假设下一组最优可测试成份确定的方法与步骤。该方法构成了故障定位的第一步，且与故障定位方法无关。本方法基于电路的可测试值计算和规范式不确定性组的确定，它在可测试性与不确定性组概念中具有严格的理论基础，其可测试性计算可直接从参数类型故障诊断技术中推得。     

基于整数小波变换和改进零树编码的图像压缩方法

研究了基于整数小波变换和改进零树编码的图像压缩方法：先进行整数小波变换，将图像变换到小波域，再用改进的零树编码对图像进行压缩。给出了试验结果以及与EZW压缩方法的比较，结果表明，整数小波变换和改进零树编码相结合应用于图像压缩是有效的，在一定程度上能缩短计算时间，并提高峰值信噪比。     

集装箱码头分派车辆的整数规划模型

建立了一个用于确定集装箱码头一组车辆工作次序的整数规划模型,其中这组车辆是用于把从货仓起重机卸下的集装箱运输到码头的存贮位置。证明了求解这一整数规划模型等价于求解n个车辆安排线路问题的几条路径,并设计了前向搜索算法(FSA)和后向搜索算法(BSA)两种启发式算法,用于确定集装箱码头大型货轮卸货车辆的可行分派方案。     

Optimal harvesting of farmed Atlantic salmon at two cohort management strategies and different harvest operation restrictions

Abstract

The main harvest planning problem in commercial fish farms is to determine the best time‐sequence of harvesting different fish cohorts in order to maximize the overall farm profit. Due to both annual and fish‐size variations in market prices, future forecasts of fish growth and size distribution are required to optimize harvest plans. Two management strategies for harvesting size‐structured fish cohorts are considered. The first strategy allows the fish farmer, at any time, to size‐grade, harvest and sell the most profitable fish sizes from the standing stock. The second strategy allows the fish farmer to harvest and sell a fish batch with similar size distribution as that of the standing stock. In this paper, two size‐structured fish growth models have been built to fit the two management strategies. The growth models are integrated in a multiperiod linear programming model that optimizes the harvest outputs for each of the two management strategies. Model outputs demonstrate clearly that it is more profitable to size‐grade fish prior to harvest compared to harvesting a batch of fish with similar size distribution to that of the standing stock. Five different harvest operations constraints have been identified for commercial salmon farming. The decrease in profitability of fish farming is shown for a variety of harvest operation constraints.     

关于Smarandache LCM函数的数论函数方程S(SL(n11,12))=φ2(n)的可解性

研究了数论函数方程S(SL(n~(11)))=φ_2(n)及S(SL(n~(12)))=φ_2(n)的可解性问题,其中S(n)为Smarandache函数,SL(n)为Smarandache LCM函数,φ_2(n)为广义欧拉函数.利用初等数论的内容方法及计算技巧得到上述两个数论函数方程的所有正整数解.     

浅析室内设计中空间的模糊性与精确化

本文论述了在室内设计中空间功能构思的前提下,室内空间的模糊性与精确化的发展,说明了以空间的模糊性来迎合使用的灵活性和适用性是非常必要的,指出具有精确化功能的模糊性空间,逐渐成为信息时代建筑室内空间发展的一大特征。     

不同气流条件下做青过程青叶的呼吸作用

为探明不同气流条件对乌龙茶毛茶品质影响的内在生理机制,以毛蟹品种鲜叶为研究对象,在春季和暑季均分别设计恒温、恒风(处理Ⅰ)、恒温、无风(处理Ⅱ)和自然开放(处理Ⅲ)3种环境做青,观测做青过程中青叶呼吸速率的变化.结果表明:春茶做青过程中3个处理青叶的呼吸速率在三摇前均呈上升趋势,三摇后开始下降.暑茶做青过程中,处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ的青叶呼吸速率均在每次摇前下降,摇后上升,处理Ⅲ则在二摇后一直保持上升趋势.从春、暑茶做青全过程的平均值来看,均以处理Ⅰ的呼吸速率最大,处理Ⅱ的最小,而暑季各处理青叶的呼吸速率总体上高于春季.处理Ⅰ所制毛茶春茶品质最佳,处理Ⅲ最差,暑茶品质处理Ⅰ最佳,处理Ⅱ最差.